วันอาทิตย์ที่ 2 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2550

Great Barrier Reef islands






So many resorts, so little time—and such a wide margin for error. That's the dilemma on the Great Barrier Reef, a 1,240-mile sweep of spectacular biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Queensland, Australia (and, before we forget to mention it, one of the seven natural wonders of the world). Literally dozens of private-island resorts hold out the sun-soaked promise of a once-in-a-lifetime tropical holiday of diving and reef walking, birding and boating, snorkeling and chilling, stargazing and giant-green-turtle midwifing (less scary than you think: you are only called on to watch). But which ones really deliver? Certainly the antipodes are a long way to go to make a mistake.
Bewildered? Relax. We've done the heavy lifting for you, short-listing four top places that offer rich, vastly different reef experiences. Choose from among a very Survivor-ish true coral cay the size of a bottle cap, with just a handful of luxury tents; a sexy camera-ready hideaway where paparazzi may be lurking in the rain forest; a national park where homeliness and quietude are their own reward; and a full-bore megaresort with the spit, polish, and service of a great city hotel.
When weighing where to go, ask yourself how many connections from the mainland you can handle, and of what length; what size of island and property makes you happiest; and what kind of reef access you want. Traveling time ranges from zero on cays that are wispy products of the reef itself to as much as 90 minutes from islands that were once part of the continent. Before I visited the Great Barrier Reef, everything I'd read had led me to picture it as one continuous, massive living structure; in fact, it's thousands of reefs, with coral and fish populations that are by no means equal.
Last year, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site measuring 135,000 square miles, was dramatically and triumphantly rezoned by the Australian federal government. The proportion of closely monitored green zones—marine sanctuaries where fishing and other "acquisitional" or "extractive" activities are prohibited—shot from a mere 4.5 to 33 percent of the entire park. Snorkelers, divers, yachties, greenies, rejoice.






WILSON ISLAND



Wilson is the castaway option on the Great Barrier Reef. The six guest rooms, or rather guest tents, have no electricity (only battery-powered Coleman lamps with charming night-light settings), no closets, not even mirrors. Closets would in any case be redundant, since luggage is restricted to one small bag. Sadly, this automatically eliminates as potential clients that decorative detachment of high-fashion beachcombers who can't get through the day without nine changes of sun hat, six of pareu, and a Goyard trunk full of unguents. Actually, there's something even graver that makes the island out of the question for them, and that's the toilet situation. You don't get one of your own. On the other hand, at least there is a toilet. More on the toilet situation later.
I hope I haven't given the impression that because Wilson has so few conventional amenities it's inexpensive, or unstylish, or uncomfortable. It isn't. Actually, the resort (a big word to describe such a small enterprise) is quite extravagant—especially given the daunting limitations imposed by the location—with good sheets and a sleek, sober aesthetic. Wilson is superprotected, designed to have virtually zero impact on the environment. Everything is micromanaged, even the sand. Let's say some is needed to top off the floor in the open kitchen, which sits directly on the ground in an enormous pavilion, called Longhouse, with a timber roof, soft sides that roll up and down, wraparound banquettes for lounging, and a 15-foot-long communal dining table. For permission to move the sand, management is first required to write to the Queensland Park and Wildlife Service. If permission is granted, the sand must be dug by hand, with a shovel, and then only in the presence of a ranger. Wilson Island closes in February in deference to nesting seabirds, but if at any other time roseate terns, say, start collecting shells and dried grass for the simple depressions they build on the coral shingle high on the beach, the authorities think nothing of spontaneously shutting the place down. It seems like a crazy way to run a business, but the owner, Voyages Hotels & Resorts, employs some very seasoned number (and date) crunchers.
Every day's a dice throw. If it's not nesting terns, it's a heaving sea thwarting the delivery of clean towels and baby lettuce.
"Wilson and Heron are not like some of those Whitsunday Islands that claim they're on the reef when they're merely in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park," says Brendan Brady, general manager of both properties. "Ours are authentic coral cays, low islands formed entirely from the reef on which they stand. They've never been part of the mainland or the continental shelf, and they weren't produced by volcanoes." (The only other coral cays with accommodations are Green, Lady Musgrave, and Lady Elliot. Lizard and Haggerstone have walk-off-the-beach reef access, but they are not coral cays.)

9. Hawaii



Main article: History of HawaiiThe earliest habitation supported by archaeologic evidence dates to the 11th century, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, Raiatea and Bora Bora. However, as with most archaeology worldwide, this date is ever-changing as new evidence is discovered. The first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook. Substantial evidence (Stokes 1932 for example) exists, however, of earlier Spanish, and possibly Irish, visits to Hawaiʻi.
Hawaiʻi is one of four constituent states of the United States that was an independent nation prior to its statehood, along with California, Texas, and Vermont. The Kingdom of Hawaii existed from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown. It was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898. It was annexed by the United States in 1898, became a territory in 1900, and has been a state since 1959.

8. Phuket, Thailand


The most significant event in the history of Phuket was the attack by the Burmese in 1785. Sir Francis Light, a British East India Company captain passing by the island, sent word to the local administration that he had observed Burmese forces preparing to attack. Khunying Jan, the wife of the recently deceased governor, and her sister Mook then assembled what forces they could. After a month-long siege, the Burmese were forced to retreat March 13, 1785. The two women became local heroines, receiving the honorary titles Thao Thep Kasatri and Thao Sri Sunthon from King Rama I.
During the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), Phuket became the administrative center of the tin-producing southern provinces. In 1933 Monthon Phuket was dissolved and Phuket became a province by itself.
Old names of the island include Koh Thalang. Tsunami

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On December 26, 2004, Phuket and other nearby areas on Thailand's western coast suffered extensive damage when they were struck by a tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The waves destroyed several highly populated areas in the region, killing as many as 5,300 people nationwide, and tens of thousands more throughout the wider Asian region. As many as 250 people were reported dead in Phuket, including foreign tourists. Almost all the major beaches on the west coast, especially Kamala, Patong, Karon and Kata, sustained major damage, with some damage also being caused to resorts and villages on the island's southern beaches.
However, by February 2005 most undamaged resorts were back in business, and throughout 2005 life slowly returned to normal for the people of Phuket. As of November 2005, following strenuous recovery programmes, there is little obvious tsunami damage remaining other than at more remote beaches, and the tourist industry which drives the Phuket economy appears to have almost fully recovered.

7. Dalmatian Islands, Croatia (Hvar rated separately)






My friends and I play a travel game we call Swoon. The rules are simple: Choose a storied locale from a particular moment in the past 50 years, and the place that earns the most "aaah's" wins. Someone invariably picks St.-Tropez circa 1955, or Ubud in the seventies. Pre–charter flight Ibiza. Post–Cold War Prague. Such places are the geographical equivalents of Truman Capote's Black and White Ball or Manchester's Hacienda Club: that perfect confluence of location and time—before the rest of the world arrived, before the inevitable Wild On! specials on E! Think of Bahia in the sixties, Saigon in the nineties, or Tan-gier in Paul Bowles's day.
Think of these and you'll begin to understand the Dalmatian Coast in 2005. Right now, the islands of southern Croatia are—among a certain group of people—the premier destination in the Mediterranean region. They glimmer on the periphery enough to attract the trendy, yet hang enough off the radar to elicit blank stares among the rest. And the rest don't know it now, but they'll be coming soon, too.
Europeans long favored Croatia's coastal resorts as a low-key alternative—Greece, Italy, and Spain without the tourist junk or the exorbitant prices. (In the 1970's and 80's, Yugoslavia drew more British travelers than any other European country besides Spain; most of them were bound for Dalmatia.) When Yugoslavia erupted into civil war in 1991, the Dalmatian Coast was not as hard hit as the inland regions of Bosnia and Serbia. But violence was widespread even here, and tourists—the backbone of Dalmatia's economy—disappeared altogether.
Today the pockmarks of mortar fire are faintly visible in Dubrovnik's ancient walls, grim reminders of the 1991–92 siege by Yugoslav forces. In most of Croatia, the war now feels ages, not just a decade, gone. And tourism is increasing by as much as 50 percent a year. Europeans are again flocking here each summer—arriving by yacht, by sailboat, by car ferry, or by Gulfstream—and picking up where they left off. Americans, too, are finally being clued in: dozens of cruise lines and tour companies have added Dalmatia to their itineraries in recent years. And, for better or worse, Croatia was recently given the Wild On! treatment on E! If that's not a tipping point, I don't know what is.
So what's the appeal? The landscape, for starters. This is the most stunning coastline in Europe: a mix of limpid bays, craggy bluffs, hidden coves and beaches, vineyards, olive groves, and forests of cypress and pine. Remarkably well preserved ancient towns hold vivid examples of Greek, Roman, Venetian, and Slavic architecture. The sailing and yachting scene here rivals any other, with hundreds of ports and dozens of marinas and countless natural inlets scattered across a thousand islands. Dalmatian cuisine—consisting of superb fish, shrimp, octopus, and oysters, along with increasingly renowned wines—compares favorably to Italian cooking, and borrows heavily from it: here risotto becomes rizot and prosciutto becomes the delectable prsut. But Dalmatian food is earthier and rougher than Italian, blending hints of Hungarian (paprika-laced goulash), Turkish (kebab-style raznjici, or meat skewers), and Slavic (sour dumplings). It's also exceptionally affordable.
Finally, an exuberant nightlife dominates on the larger islands of Hvar and Brac, where revelers keep the party going until sunrise. There's a palpable urgency to the proceedings. This may be the most widespread consequence of the war: everyone—Croatians themselves, as well as their blissed-out guests—seems to be making up for lost time. For now, it's Croatia's moment; who knows how long it will last?

6. Vancouver Island


Vancouver Island is a large island in British Columbia, Canada, off Canada's Pacific coast. It is 460 km (285 miles) long and up to 80 km (50 miles) wide. The largest island on the western side of North America at 32,134 square kilometres (12,407 square miles (32,134 km²)), it is the world's 43rd largest island, Canada's 11th largest island and Canada's second most populous island after the Island of Montreal, which has 1.3 million more people. The island is named in honour of George Vancouver, the British Royal Navy officer who explored the Pacific coast of North America between 1791 and 1794.
The 2001 census population was 656,312. As of 2005, Vancouver Island had an estimated population of 723,000. Slightly less than half of these (326,000) live in Greater Victoria. Other major cities on Vancouver Island include Nanaimo, Port Alberni, Parksville, Courtenay, and Campbell River.
hotels
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5. Santorini






About Santorini



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Santorini is the most southern of the islands in the Cyclades and the boat trip from the Athens seaport - Piraeus - takes about eight hours. Around 12 000 people live here all year round and they survive mainly on tourism, wine production and fishing. Santorini is the 13th biggest of the islands in the Cyclades measuring 75 km2, which is about the same size as Serifos and Sifnos and about a fifth in size compared to the biggest island in the group, Naxos.
The official name of Santorini is Thira (not to confuse with the capital Fira) and it is the most spectacular place in the entire Greek archipelago. The reason it stands out is due to its dramatic history. For about 3 500 years ago parts of the island sank into the ocean. Back then there were no cheers. Nowadays half a million tourists go to Santorini each year for exactly the same reason. Most parts of the island are exploited and adapted to tourists; some feel that the kitsch and knick-knacks are overly represented. Happily, there are oases where the genuine Greek life continues and it is a shame that more people do not take time to discover the other side of Santorini. In a very general manner one can describe the northern part of the island as over-exploited and the southern as nicely adapted to tourism and in some places totally genuine. No matter what you think of Santorini, the island will not leave anyone untouched, it is impossible to neglect the magical and exciting landscape.
Getting thereSantorini is one of the most accessible islands in the archipelago, to get there you can choose between charter, seats, domestic flights or boat. It is the perfect base station for island hopping, there are excellent connections to the other islands, it is easy to travel to and from Santorini and it is a place well worth seeing in its on right.
Getting aroundSantorini is quite small and you can travel around the entire island in one day, if you go by car. But if you really want to experience the island it takes more time. You can rent cars and mopeds in Fira, Oia, Kamari and Perissa. The bus connections are good and cover more or less the entire island.

VillagesThe villages on Santorini can be divided into four different categories: a bit Turkish-like, very Turkish-like, totally Turkish-like, and finally the fourth category: genuine villages. The last mentioned type is definitely in minority. Unfortunately you can not escape the fact that the great attractiveness of Santorini has brought along an uncontrolled exploitation. This is most obvious in Fira and Oia. Fortunately there are places to breathe as well, like Megalochori, Emborio and Exo Gonia. Below some of the beautiful villages on Santorini are described.
FiraThe lively capital Fira is tickingly beautiful when viewed from afar, but once there it is easy to get a bit disappointed. Sure, the view over the Caldera and the volcano is stunning - no matter how many times you have admired this panorama you will never grow tired of it - but it seems as if the Greek charm went to the bottom of the sea with the last eruption. The narrow alleys are packed with tourist from all over the world looking for kitsch or centimetre-thick golden links. The last years it has become too much of everything. But the view is still amazing. So, if you are yet to visit Santorini I can guarantee that you will forgive all this business going on and let yourself be amazed by the scenic landscape.
OiaPronounced "Ia" in Greek, Oia is located at the northern peak of the island. The village was partly destroyed in an earthquake in 1956 and is yet to be fully restored. Even though the commerce is fully operating, just like in Fira, it is not as much in your face. The taste of Oia is culture rather than kitsch, there are more art galleries and handcrafts and traditional music is standard in the taverns. The architecture is unbelievable and the houses painted in all the colours of the rainbow. Below Oia lies the painting-like and picturesque harbour Amoudia. The fish taverns lye in a row by the harbour walk and the cosy-o-meter is sky high.

Fira.
EmborionTwelve kilometres south of Fira you find Emborion. With more than 3000 inhabitants it is the biggest society on Santorini and one of the few villages completely unaffected by the tourism. It is a living Greek society all year round, there are several kafenións, schools, ordinary stores for the Greeks themselves, all the signs are in Greek and so on.
Besides the fact that Emborion is a tourist free oasis, there are also a couple of interesting sights to see. It is easy to get lost in the narrow ancient alleys that lead to the top off the village. Many houses lye in ruins, though some are being renovated. In one of the alleys there is a newly opened (2004) kafenión with a special interior decoration; here you can get lunch or something to drink. It is actually one of the cutest kafenións I have ever seen, there are five tables outside and two on the inside. Once you reach to top off Emborion you come upon the Castelli (also known as Mezaná), a village in the village which you enter through two vaults, there is one entrance from each side. Inside the little Castelli the minimal alleys winds around ancient houses with beautiful stairways that put your fantasy


Modern Santorini

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Santorini was annexed by Greece in 1912. Its major settlements include Fira (Phira), Oia, Emporio, Kamari, Imerovigli, Pyrgos and Therasia, and Akrotiri is a major archaeological site with ruins from the Minoan era. The island has no rivers and water is scarce; until the early 1990s locals filled water cisterns from the rain that fell on roofs and courts, from small springs, and with imported assistance from other areas of Greece. In recent years a desalination plant has provided running, yet nonpotable, water to most houses. The island's pumice quarries have been closed since 1986, in order to preserve the caldera, while it remains the home of a small but flourishing wine industry, based on the indigenous grape variety, Assyrtiko; vines of the Assyrtiko variety are extremely old and prove resistant to phylloxera, attributed by local winemakers to the well drained volcanic soil and its chemistry, and needed no replacement during the great phylloxera epidemic of the early 20th century. In their adaption to their habitat, such vines are planted far apart, as their principal source of moisture is dew, and are often trained in the shape of low spiralling baskets, with the grapes hanging inside to protect them from the winds. Also unique to the island is the red, sweet and extremely strong Vinsanto; white wines from the island are extremely dry with a strong, citrus scent, and the ashy volcanic soil gives the white wines a slight sulphurous flavour much like Visanto. It is not easy to be a wine grower in Santorini; the hot and dry climatological conditions give the soil a low productivity. The yield per acre is only 10 to 20% of the yields that are common in France and California, and the island's primary industry is tourism, particularly in the summer months.

4. Galápagos Islands






Etymology


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The archipelago has been known by many different names, including the "Enchanted Islands" because of the way in which the strong and swift currents made navigation difficult. The first crude navigation chart of the islands was done by the buccaneer Ambrose Cowley in 1684, and in those charts he named the islands after some of his fellow pirates or after the English noblemen who helped the pirates' cause. The term "Galápagos" refers to the Spanish name given to the Giant Land Tortoises known to inhabit the islands.
The adjective "Galápagan" may be used to describe things from or related to the islands


The measure of a trip is sometimes the number of photos we bring back from it. Other times it's the degree of remove we achieve, or how hard it is to face home at vacation's end. But the one that's most important to me is how often memories from a trip return unbidden, deepening and complicating ordinary life.
By all these measures, the Galápagos Islands are my favorite destination. I first visited in 1984, right out of grad school, with my mother, aunt, uncle, and cousin. We flew to the coast of Ecuador and then chugged out into the wide Pacific for three days in an old boat called the Bucanero (Buccaneer), since retired; the long passage seemed the perfect preamble to an unreal place where giant Seuss-like albatross babies waited for their parents in twig nests on the ground, penguins swam across the equator, and frigate birds with scissor tails swooped scarily overhead. Then last August, nearly 20 years later, I returned, this time flying all the way—a loss—but with my wife, children, mother (again!), and two sisters and their families—a clear gain. And as our plane neared the Galápagos island of Baltra, with its scrubby vegetation and short stretches of sandy beach edged by dark, volcanic rock, one of those memories came back, an experience I hoped now to share with my kids: a rendezvous with sea lions.