Main article: History of HawaiiThe earliest habitation supported by archaeologic evidence dates to the 11th century, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, Raiatea and Bora Bora. However, as with most archaeology worldwide, this date is ever-changing as new evidence is discovered. The first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook. Substantial evidence (Stokes 1932 for example) exists, however, of earlier Spanish, and possibly Irish, visits to Hawaiʻi.
Hawaiʻi is one of four constituent states of the United States that was an independent nation prior to its statehood, along with California, Texas, and Vermont. The Kingdom of Hawaii existed from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown. It was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898. It was annexed by the United States in 1898, became a territory in 1900, and has been a state since 1959.
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